Holistic – the whole is not equal to the sum of parts
Physiologic – genetic character, organs and functioning
Psychological – emotions, affect, rationality, merciful
Socio-cultural – socialization, family, language
Intellectual – perception, cognition
Spiritual – faith (unquestioning belief in someone, serves to unite humans), hope, charity
Charity – outward expression of love for others
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
1. Universal
2. Met in different ways
3. Stimulated by external and internal factors
4. Maybe differed
5. Interrelated
6. Priorities maybe altered
MASLOW’S HEIRARCHY OF NEEDS
- Need: anything that is essential to the survival of man
- Framework: basic need is something whose
- Absence: may cause illness
- Presence: prevent illness/signal health
- Meeting unmet needs restore health
Physiologic
- sex, nutrition, shelter, clothing, water, elimination, rest and sleep
Safety and Security
- physical freedom from harm, psychological knowing what to expect from others and what others expect from you.
Love and Belongingness
- nurturance with affection
Self Esteem
- persons sense of achievement and independence, competence, confidence and strength
Self Actualization
- not all people attain self actualization (attained by only 15%)
- Accepts himself
- Balance between rest and activity
- Open mind
- Positive outlook in life
HEALTH
- Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
WELLNESS
- State of well being
- Subjective perception of balance, harmony and vitality engaging in attitudes and behaviors that enhance the quality of life and maximizes personal potential.
DIMENSION OF WELLNESS
- Physical: ADL, fitness of organ structures and functioning
- Spiritual: faith and hope
- Intellectual: use knowledge for personal, family, social, career development
- Emotional: able to manage stress, express feelings and emotions appropriately
- Social: interact successfully with others, tolerant of people with different beliefs
- Movement to the right of the neutral point indicates high level of health and well being for an individual and this may be achieved through awareness and education and growth. In contrast, movement to the left of the neutral point indicates a progressively decrease state of health
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
- Intended to predict whether individuals would or would not use preventive measure
- Based on the motivational theory
- Assumption: Good health is a motivation common to all people
ILLNESS
- Highly personal state in which the person feels unhealthy or ill, may or may not be related to disease
DISEASE
- Alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal lifespan
CAUSES OF DISEASE
- Genetic – inherited, genetic defects
- Developmental – resulting to exposure to virus or chemicals during pregnancy
- Biologic – microorganisms (virus, bacteria, protozoa, fungi) and their toxins and helminthes
- Physical – temperature extremes, electricity, radiation
- Chemical – alcohol, strong acid and base, drugs
- Mechanical – generalized tissue response to injury or irritation (trauma shearing force, friction)
- Physiologic and Emotional reaction to stress
- Faulty Chemical or Metabolic Processes – excessive or insufficient production of hormones, enzymes
IGUN’S 11 STAGES OF HEALTH SEEKING
- Any activity undertaken by a person who feels ill in order to define his state of health and seek a suitable remedy
Stage 1: Symptom experience
Stage 2: Self treatment or self medication
Stage 3: Communication to others
Stage 4: Assessment of symptoms
Stage 5: Sick-role assumption
Characteristics of Sick Role
a. Expected to seek competent help
b. Expected to get well in the shortest possible time
c. Person is not blamed for his disease
d. Exempted from usual task
Stage 6: Concern
Stage 7: Efficacy of treatment
Stage 8: Selection of treatment
Stage 9: Treatment
Stage 10: Assessment of effectiveness of treatment
Stage 11: Recovery and rehabilitation
SUCHMAN’S 5 STAGES OF ILLNESS
Stage I: Symptom Experience
- Person believes that something is wrong
- Physical experience of the symptoms
- Cognitive aspect: interpretation of the symptoms
- Emotional response: fear or anxiety
Stage II: Assumption of Sick Role
- People are excused from normal duties and role expectations
- Clients are not held responsible for their condition
- Clients are obliged to get well and resume normal activity
- Clients are obliged to seek competent help
Stage III: Medical Care Contact
- Seeking medical advice to ask for the following
o Validation of real illness
o Explanation of symptoms in understandable terms
o Reassurance that they will be fine or for a prediction of what the outcome would be
- Client may accept or deny diagnosis
Stage IV: Dependent Client Role
- The client is dependent on the professional for help and give up their independence
- Client accepts treatment plan
Stage V: recovery or Rehabilitation
- Client relinquishes role and resumes former role and responsibilities
- For permanent disability, this may require therapy to learn how to make major adjustments in functioning.
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